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Architect or Gardener: Which Kind of Writer Are You?

Writer

As a writer, I’m fascinated by other writers’ writing habits. There are infinite ways to construct a story, so it’s interesting to hear how others choose to do it.

George R.R. Martin, author of A Game of Thrones and its sequels, devised an excellent metaphor for writers and their processes. He divides them up into two loose categories: architects and gardeners.

What exactly does that mean? Let’s dig in.

Architects

Here’s how Martin defines them:

“The architect, as if designing a building, lays out the entire novel at a time. He knows how many rooms there will be or what a roof will be made of or how high it will be, or where the plumbing will run and where the electrical outlets will be in its room. All that before he drives the first nail. Everything is there in the blueprint.”

In other words, architects plan everything before writing it. They might work from a detailed outline or multi-page treatment. Architects often devise character bios or event timelines. If you’ve ever covered your wall in sticky notes, you’re probably an architect (or maybe a detective?).

When I did screenwriting in school, we were obligated to be architects; that is, we were required to write an outline for every script. Makes sense. With only a semester to write, it’s a unwise to choose a destination without a map.

However, spending time as an architect revealed some inherent weaknesses with the style. For one, characters might feel a bit less natural when they’re written to an outline. Characters come alive when they make organic decisions which align with their established traits. They can feel stiff when making decisions for the sake of an outline.

Of course, being an architect also has its advantages. For instance, architectural writing tends to feel more focused, especially on first drafts. Architects spend less time searching for their path since they’ve already built. All that’s left is to expand upon it—adorn it with some yellow bricks or something.

Gardeners

I’ll let Mr. Martin take over here:

“And then there’s the gardener who digs the hole in the ground, puts in the seed and waters it with his blood and sees what comes up. The gardener knows certain things. He’s not completely ignorant. He knows whether he planted an oak tree, or corn, or a cauliflower. He has some idea of the shape but a lot of it depends on the wind and the weather and how much blood he gives it and so forth.”

Gardeners plant the seed of an idea and watch it blossom. Unlike architects, they usually don’t have a blueprint for their stories. Instead, gardeners often begin with a particular thought, character, or scene, then work from there. Where it goes is anyone’s guess.

Although being a gardener is liberating, it also requires a lot of trial and error. Gardeners might start on a promising idea and spend weeks nurturing it. But what if it doesn’t grow? What if it doesn’t go anywhere? It’s discouraging to spend time on a particular piece only to realize you have no idea how it should develop.

The advantage of being a gardener (besides the fresh vegetables) is that such writing often feels spontaneous. Unlike architects, gardeners will often find surprises within their own work. Gardener characters also might feel less rigid than architect characters. Their actions will often shape the story since there is no predetermined path for them to follow.

Which Are You?

Here are Martin’s closing remarks on the subject:

“No one is purely an architect or a gardener in terms of a writer, but many writers tend to one side or the other. I’m very much more a gardener.”

As Martin wrote, most writers fall somewhere near the middle and lean toward one side or the other. So which are you closer to: an architect or a gardener?

I’m still figuring out which side I favor. In my screenwriting days, I had to be more of an architect. After graduating, I swung far (maybe too far) towards gardening. Now I’m shifting back toward an architect.

Whichever you are, keep building and keep planting. Keep writing!


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. He has written two books and numerous short stories, both published and yet-to-be published. He enjoys unusual narrative structures, multiple POVs, and stories about coffee.

When Writing Dialogue, Don’t Forget Who’s Talking

A burly henchman wearing an eyepatch and a prickly sneer leans against a castle parapet. He stands not three paces away from a knight in glittering armor. The latter of the pair is not happy.

“I’ll ask again,” growls the knight. “Did you or did you not witness the incident in question?”

The henchman thinks on this for a moment. He wads a ball of phlegm in his throat and spits, not far from the knight’s shiny boots.

The henchman says, “For whom do you work, sir?”

And the reader thinks, Wait a second. What?


Dialogue is one of the trickiest components of writing fiction. We authors spend years learning the numerous rules of grammar and punctuation, only to discover they should, almost always, be ignored when writing dialogue. After all, people rarely talk like they write.

Consider the above example. It’s grammatically correct for the henchman to use “whom” in this statement, since it’s a pronoun in the objective sense. Furthermore, avoiding the construction “Whom do you work for?” precludes a hanging preposition at the end of the sentence.

Yes, this line demonstrates good grammar. But it’s still bad dialogue.

That’s because when we write dialogue, we must always remember who’s talking. Dialogue is about character, authenticity, and occasionally plot—it’s almost never about adhering to syntax or grammar.

The henchman’s line feels wrong because everything else he’s done suggests he wouldn’t talk like that. He’s a henchman, he sneers, he spits near people’s nice boots. There’s no way this guy would know the difference between who and whom.

Ideally, dialogue sounds unique to the character speaking it. I find it helps to ask myself, Would this character say that? Or, Is this how this character would say it? Or, Would this character use that word, or another?

Questions like these make writing dialogue both difficult and enjoyable. It’s a challenge, and like any challenge, improvement comes with practice. There are many ways to develop the right voice for characters, but I think the best way is to just write. And write. And write.

Most importantly, let’s not forget who’s talking. It’s the number one influence on every line of dialogue.


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. He has written two books and numerous short stories, both published and yet-to-be published. He enjoys unusual narrative structures, multiple POVs, and stories about coffee.

Kyle’s Time Travelin’ Tour, 2019 Edition

Time Travel 2018

Time travel. It’s better late than never.

In this article, I’d like to take a look back at my 2019 writing year. I hope it doesn’t come off as self-indulgent! I just think reviewing the past makes me excited for the future. Also, we’re already halfway through January, so if I don’t publish this now, I never will.

Anyway, time machine’s here. Hop in!

January

We begin with a blog post: “I Am Your Father: Making Similarities Work in Fiction.” Here I compare Star Wars with Neil Gaiman’s American Gods. Both employ the same plot twist, yet the latter never feels like it’s ripping off the former. Check out the post for my thoughts on how it was done—and how other writers might do the same.

Also, January marked the publication of my first guest post of 2019: “3 Signs It’s Time to Stop Editing That Manuscript.” I’m pleased with the way this one turned out, in large part because I experienced so much of what I wrote first-hand. Hope you enjoy reading it. And, if you’re a writer, I hope it helps you.

February

Short month, but a big event happened during it: the publication of an ebook I helped write for ProWritingAid! It’s called How to Go From First Draft to Published Authorand you can download it for free by clicking the link in the title.

You can probably guess what the book’s about, but here’s something you may not know: there’s one part where I made up a musical called “A Sloth is Born.” I know what you’re thinking, and the answer’s yes. I’m already working on the novelization.

March

A quiet month of March. The coolest thing that happened was finally releasing a paperback version of my first novel, Gerald Barkley RocksI must say, the feeling of holding one’s own book in one’s hands is electric. And even a big bar across the top reading “NOT FOR RESALE” couldn’t stop the feeling.

April

Fresh off the release of one book, I pranked some folks with the false release of another. See this article for deets: “Announcing Wee Stories: 1,001 One-Word Tales.”

I received some worried messages from friends and family who thought I was serious about microstories. For those who haven’t read it, here’s a snippet:

Consider this [microstory]. I call it Crossing at Dawn. Here it is, in its entirety:

“Turtles.”

It took me six months to write that piece. I tried to imagine what animal would be most likely to cross a road at dawn. A squirrel felt unremarkable, a chicken too cliche. Finally I settled upon the present form. I’m thrilled with the results.

Anyway, I got a good chuckle out of it.

May

Another guest post, this one entitled “How and Why to Treat Your Setting Like a Character.” It was especially gratifying to publish this post on Joanna Penn’s website. She’s the host of The Creative Penn Podcast, a show I find very informative. Thanks for sharing my post, Joanna! And thanks for adding a picture of this dude in there:

I have no idea who he is, but something tells me his name is something like Sir Bertrand Godfrey of the Luscious Hair. Just a guess.

June

No writing news, but that’s because I took a big step forward at my day job. In June, I was hired to work at Special Olympics New York!

You don’t need me to tell you what an outstanding organization Special Olympics is, but I’ll say it anyway. It’s a privilege to work there!

July

I finally caved and started an Instagram account. Here’s my first post:

 

View this post on Instagram

 

Currently reading, currently liking. Not as creepy as it sounds. #bookstagram #books #bookshelf

A post shared by Kyle A. Massa (@kyleamassa) on

Just wait for next month. That’s when my Insta really took off.

August

By this time I was furiously editing a manuscript (that’s coming soon), so there weren’t many writing updates. Instead I turned to Twitter for my hottest post of the year.

Clearly I was prognosticating the wild success of Cats.

Oh yeah, then I posted this on the Gram:

 

View this post on Instagram

 

Time marches on…for whom the @tacobell tolls 🤘

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One of my finest moments of 2019.

September

I released Monsters at Dusk!

 

Cover designed by Nathan Rumsey

This book means a lot to me, not least of all because the first story is about a cat. But really, please give it a read. There are 10 stories, so odds are you’ll find at least one to like.

October

Fresh off its release, Monsters at Dusk earned a mention in the Times Union Book Blog! Thanks to reviewer Alicia Abdul for the kind words, and thanks to my brother-in-law Dan Fisher for making it possible.

November

Not only did Dan orchestrate last month’s news…he got me my first ever reading and signing! Here’s me at Flights of Fantasy Books & Games

I think the eight-year-old sneakers + white socks combo was a nice touch. Shoutout to bad fashion choices.

December

Finally, I capped off 2019 by completing my reading goal of 40 books. That’s a career high for me! If you’d like to see my five favorites of the year, check out this post (also from December): “My Favorite Books of 2019.”

Happy 2020!

Looking forward to another great year. Check back for more posts, more books, and—fingers crossed—more goofy social media posts.


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. He has written two books and numerous short stories, both published and yet-to-be published. He enjoys unusual narrative structures, multiple POVs, and stories about coffee.

My Favorite Books of 2019

With the last day of 2019 upon us, there’s something we need to discuss…

Books.

Well, we always need to discuss books. But today, in honor of the year about to end, I’d like to share with you the five best books I read since January 1st. I loved them and, if you choose to read them, I hope you love them, too. Here they are!

The Sandman Series by Neil Gaiman

Source: Amazon

Though there are 10 trade paperback collections in this series (with each paperback collecting several previously issued comic books), I’m counting this as one book. Why? Because I can’t choose between them. It’s like choosing between one’s children. Or in my case, one’s cats. They’re all my favorite.

The Sandman is a series of comics by Neil Gaiman, his first major work of fiction. They’re masterful. Sandman combines elements of mythology with world history, mashed together with Gaiman’s original creations set against modern-day problems. All of these elements would become mainstays of his work in the future. Both the writing and art in these comics is superb. Sometimes it’s a shame that the writing is so good—I forget to look at the pictures!

Alright, fine. If I must choose a favorite, I choose Volume IV, entitled Seasons of Mist (please don’t tell the other volumes). In this story, the titular Sandman ventures down to Hell, only to find a shocking surprise: Lucifer has quit. He decided he doesn’t much care for overseeing demons and torment and all that. So he locks up Hell and entrusts (or rather, curses) the Lord of Dreams with the key. Now Gods of many pantheons and creatures from many worlds arrive to plead their case for the key, and therefore the dominion of Hell. How sick is that?

I’m not normally a comics guy, but these are worth it for any reader. Well, maybe not for kids. But Sandman is amazing. One of the best works I read all year—or ever.

There There by Tommy Orange

Source: Goodreads

Perhaps the most structurally daring entry in this list, Tommy Orange’s There There tells the story of several Native American people attending a Powwow in modern-day Oakland, California. Some attend for stories, some to reconnect with their culture, and some to rob everyone else there.

Orange’s writing is excellent, his style unique. Furthermore, he manages to develop 12 or so point-of-view characters in a little over 300 pages, which is a feat in and of itself. There There was a finalist for the 2019 Pulitzer Prize in Fiction, and for good reason. I highly recommend it.

Orange World and Other Stories by Karen Russell

Source: Goodreads

Had to get my short stories in. I read Karen Russell’s Orange World just before publishing my own short story collection, Monsters at DuskIt was a weird bit of synchronicity because she felt like an influence, even though I’d never read her work before. Which is not to same I’m anywhere near as talented as she is. She’s LeBron and I’m, I dunno, JaVale McGee. I just feel we have a similar sensibility. We both use the supernatural as a metaphor for life’s inexplicable questions.

I enjoyed all the stories in this collection, but my favorite was “The Gondoliers.” It’s set in a post-apocalyptic Florida that’s been flooded by rising sea levels. The protagonist, one of the titular gondoliers, navigates a mysterious man through the waters, out to a wild destination.

Not exactly beach reading, but I think Orange World will appeal to anyone who appreciates excellent prose combined with the bizarre.

A Little Hatred by Joe Abercrombie

Source: Goodreads

If you’re a longtime reader of my blog, you know about my love of Joe Abercrombie’s First Law series. After a brief hiatus, A Little Hatred marks his triumphant return. Picture A Song of Ice and Fire as set in turn-of-the-century America/Britain.

Since this is the continuation of an already seven-volume series, A Little Hatred presents both aging returning characters and young newcomers (being mostly children of the old folks). The former play pleasantly on nostalgia, while the latter stand on their own as vital new entries. A Little Hatred does start slowly, but it builds to several strong climaxes. Plus, the last page is as shocking as it is tragic.

Epic fantasy with bad language, ample violence, and of course, sex. If you like those things in your books, you’ll like this one quite a bit. I recommend reading the previous seven books for maximum enjoyment, but you’ll probably have fun without them, too.

Big Game: The NFL in Dangerous Times by Mark Leibovich

Source: Goodreads

I’m primarily a fiction reader, so this one might surprise you. But I myself was pleasantly surprised at how much I enjoyed Big Game.

First of all, Mark Leibovich is an excellent writer. As he mentions several times in the book, he primarily writes about politics for the New York Times. However, being a lifelong New England Patriots fan (gross), he couldn’t seem to resist writing this book.

In it, we get an insider’s look at people such as Patriots quarterback Tom Brady, Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones, and NFL commissioner Roger Goodell. It’s a well-written, incisive, and oftentimes farcical glimpse at a pro sports league with both major successes and major problems. Big Game is stuffed with bizarre anecdotes about the personalities behind the shield, including my personal favorite, in which Commissioner Goodell tries to demonstrate a malfunctioning NFL mobile app to the author.

I won’t go so far as to say this would appeal to non-football fans. Leibovich is a skilled enough writer that it might, but something tells me sports fans will get the biggest kick out of it.

Happy 2020!

Well, that’s all for this year. (You can find last year’s list here, if you feel like it.) Happy reading in 2020!


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. He has written two books and numerous short stories, both published and yet-to-be published. He enjoys unusual narrative structures, multiple POVs, and stories about coffee.

Happy Birthday “Gerald Barkley Rocks”!

Cover designed by Nathan Rumsey

One year ago, I published my first novel. It’s called Gerald Barkley Rocks.

Most writers have soft spots for their first book. I certainly do. It’s the summation of a hell of a lot of work, not to mention the tangible proof that yes, you are indeed a writer. Plus, even non-writers can’t resist seeing their names on books.

So yes, I have a soft spot for Gerald Barkley Rocks—or GBR, as I’ve come to call it, since three-letter names are hot right now. But that certainly doesn’t mean I think it’s perfect.

In fact, in honor of its one-year birthday, I’m going to mercilessly criticize GBR. Well, maybe I’ll show a little mercy. I’ll give credit when it’s deserved. But overall, I’m hoping this might be a fun and educational critique, both for you and me.

Be warned: If you haven’t read the book yet, please consider doing so before reading this blog post. Onward!

Side I

GBR is separated into four parts, which I call “sides,” so named to mimic the four sides of a vinyl double album. I pushed the metaphor even further by renaming the chapters “tracks,” as in tracks on a record. (You might’ve also noticed that each track’s title corresponds to a song by Black Cat Waltz.) I thought it was a cool meta-metaphor then and I feel the same way now. Good job, former self.

Unfortunately, Track 1 starts off slow. It performs its function well enough by introducing our main character and a few conflicts he’ll explore throughout the novel. And yes, there are some decently funny lines (“tall mocha latte swirl”). But I wish I’d found a more exciting way to begin the book. Two dudes sitting in a doctor’s office discussing blood leaking from orifices is not exactly a thrilling opener.

Things pick up in the elevator when the man in the red coat appears. I think I did a nice job connecting him with Barkley’s illness and the music of Black Cat Waltz. It’s a quick scene that suitably unsettling, both for the main character and, I hope, the reader.

The book doesn’t really heat up until Track 2 (This is when Barkley arrives at the scene and meets Carmen for the first time.) I must say, the writing is sharp here. If you’ll allow me to pat myself on the back, I feel I provided a detailed description of the scene and established several important plot points, all economically and elegantly. Carmen Fowler’s first scene in particular has some nice dialogue…

…But, that brings me to one of my main criticisms: Why does Carmen like Barkley? To be honest, this was a question most beta readers asked me when reviewing my manuscript. They didn’t understand why a Hollywood actress would have any interest in an old, glum, and mostly boring detective on the verge of retirement. Honestly, I myself had the same question, even after reading the finished product.

To be fair, I did try to answer said question in the following passage. Carmen begins it (and note, Barkley doesn’t yet know her name).

“Ever since my husband passed I go for walks at night. Can’t sleep. A few times I caught Julian out wandering and we chatted.”

“I’m sorry.”

“About the chatting?”

“About your husband. My wife passed a while back, so the sleeplessness…I get it.”


Unexpectedly, the woman reached out and squeezed Barkley’s hand. “Stay strong, detective. You’re not alone.”


Barkley wasn’t so sure about that, but it was kind of her to say so.

This is better than my earlier drafts, but it’s still a problem, even in the final one.

Rounding things out is the first of the “Hidden Tracks.” Again, going with the vinyl terminology, a hidden track is a song that isn’t listed on the sleeve but appears on the record nonetheless. A great example (and one of the first) is the song “Her Majesty” from The Beatles 1969 classic Abbey Road. It plays about almost 20 seconds after the alleged final track, though it’s not listed on the actual sleeve.

I went for a similar effect with the Hidden Tracks in my book. They’re additional pieces that add color and flavor to the narrative, though they break the book’s point of view and don’t occur during the present timeline. There are three Hidden Tracks, one at the end of each side except the fourth and final. And I’m happy to say, all three work well.

The first Hidden Track is my second favorite. Young Julian Strange’s midnight prophecy is pretty cool, and it hints at the concept of Deaths without outright explaining them. Plus, it hints at supernatural events to come.

Side II

We begin with Track 4, entitled “Sing Us a Song (But Not That One).” Here I think I did a decent job setting up the mystery. The fairy-tale inspired record store is a solid setting and Francisco Jones is a weird character. My main gripe with myself is the “Song of Eggs and Semen” bit.

I remember agonizing over the name of the song for months. I wanted a title that described the song’s purpose (offering new life) yet also made readers laugh. “Song of Eggs and Semen” was meant to be a placeholder, but I simply couldn’t come up with anything funnier. Sometimes you just run out of time and need to write something, even when you know it’s not the best answer.

Another misstep: my heavy-handed symbolism with the color red. For example, in the next track, “Love is for Strangers,” when Barkley and Carmen run into each other at Trader Joe’s, this happens:

They stood there in the aisle, just staring at each other. Cans of stewed, diced, and whole tomatoes waited silently beside them.

A swing and a miss at subtlety there.

However, this side wasn’t a total failure. Nicks proved to be as fun a supporting character as I remember him being. He plays a strong foil to Barkley and has some hilarious dialogue, such as this exchange:

“Hello. Is this Gerald Barkley?”


“Yeah. Who’s this?”


A pause on the other end. Then the voice said, “This is Julian Strange.”


The sound of Barkley’s world dipped out. His lips moved but formed no words. The message made it to his mind clear enough—it was just that his mind wasn’t accepting it. “I…this…it can’t be.”


A moment’s pause. Then a giggle, which turned into a laugh. “Nah, just fuckin’ with you. It’s Nicks.” Nicks. Detective Nicks. His second on the case. “Ha. Did I scare you?”


“Jesus Christ, man.”


“Yup, he’s here too. Let me put him on.”

Next comes Track 6: “Janine.” Honestly, I debated whether or not to keep her scenes. Though powerful, I worried their separation from the main plot made them extraneous. Ultimately, I decided to keep them. I’m glad I did.

Barkley’s conflict with Janine moved me. I think I succeeded at presenting a compelling case for both sides of the argument. I also feel the dialogue conveys grief without verging into melodrama.

The next Hidden Track, “A Night with Black Cat Waltz,” remains my favorite part of the novel. I’ve gotten similar feedback from many readers. I think it’s well-written, thrilling, and delightfully surreal. Furthermore, it serves as a keystone for the entire book. As we later discover, Barkley actually appears in this scene (even though we don’t know it’s him). It also offers a big clue about Strange’s late-night visitor. Third, this scene is the closest look at Julian Strange we ever get (while he’s still human, at least).

Also, on an adult note, a few readers noticed the constant references to Julian Strange’s—cover your eyes, kids—penis in this book. Yes, that was intentional. It’s my way of making fun of old rock stars. That’s because, and forgive me for being vulgar, classic rock is basically dick music.

Rock’s lyrics are laden with sex and macho bravado, which is simultaneously one of the genre’s signatures and most problematic elements, especially in a modern context. Some examples:

  • In Led Zeppelin’s “Whole Lotta Love,” Robert Plant shrieks, “I’m gonna give you every inch of my love.”
  • Humble Pie has a song entitled, “One Eyed Trouser Snake Rumba.” One of the lyrics goes, “I got the key and you got the door.”
  • The Doors’ “Light My Fire” is pretty obvious in its symbolism.
  • AC/DC’s “Go Down” doesn’t even try to hide what it’s about.

And the list goes on. I’m not telling anyone anything they didn’t already know. But since Gerald Barkley Rocks is a comedy at heart and meant to poke fun at its subject matter, I made constant references to Julian Strange’s love gun (as Albert King might call it). Seemed like a fitting joke.

Side III

This side is the shortest in the book (just two tracks), but covers important ground. First of all, it explains Deaths and how they work. Barkley confronts the man in the red coat, and this is the explanation he gets:

“You all have your own Deaths,” the man continued. “We go where you go, for your Death is with you from the day you’re born. And when you are done—and I mean done, done—we take you. Yet usually we go unnoticed.”


“What does that mean?”


“It means each Death is a stranger. It means those who are dying do not notice their Deaths until they are very near the very end. And you’ve noticed me, Gerald Barkley.”

Readers, on the whole, seemed to dig the concept of Deaths. A few even remarked that it felt like something Stephen King might devise, which of course made me blush. Maybe I’ll come back to this concept in the future.

The other important detail from this side: A closer look into Carmen and Barkley’s relationship. I still don’t get why they started dating, but this is where I’m glad they did. Infinite, the restaurant that never closes, is one of my most cherished settings, both because I think it’s a fun concept and because it speaks to the broader theme of the book: the natural yet unattainable desire to live forever.

Of course, I did notice some overwriting. For example, this:

There was no bar music, either—just euphonious and presumably urbane conversation.

“Euphonious,” eh? That feels like I hit up the closest dictionary for a big word. Not my finest moment.

Fortunately, I recovered somewhat with the karaoke scene. Another fun setting here: some weird bar infused with a sci-fi vibe. The drink called “Qui-Gon Gin” is perhaps the best pun I’ve ever devised. And Barkley’s failure to sing works as a nice dramatic moment, plus sets him up for success at the end.

Then comes the William Shakespeare revelation, which I’m still conflicted about. As a refresher, Barkley gives Carmen a gift, which happens to be a Black Cat Waltz album with her picture on it. Shakespeare’s on there, too, and Carmen identifies him as Strange’s visitor on the night he died.

I needed a breakthrough on the case and this seemed to work decently well. On the other hand, as noted by my writer friend Levi Jacobs, the protagonist doesn’t find this breakthrough clue. Rather, it falls into his lap. Yes, this does feel like a flaw in the story. Readers want active protagonists who solve problems, not those who stumble upon answers by mistake.

Another Hidden Track follows this one, and is perhaps the most experimental of the three. It’s a script for a VH1-style music documentary chronicling the downfall of Black Cat Waltz. I feel I achieved the effect I aimed for, plus offered some insight into the band’s inner-workings, along with Julian Strange’s mental state prior to his death.

Side IV

Strange’s funeral is an okay scene, though not one of my favorites. It’s kind of whacky and hearkens back to their Nebula Lounge show in the second Hidden Track, but feels a bit more tame than I wish it could’ve been. Wish I’d written it as a more raucous affair. And then we come to Warren Wilder.

The issue with Wilder, I think, is that it’s pretty obvious he’s not dead. Readers might not necessarily make the connection that he’s the mysterious visitor, but I certainly doubt they believe my attempts to make him seem unimportant (for example, when Nicks claims, “[Wilder’s] probably dead and rotten.”

The encounter with Wilder works well enough, though. He’s pretty funny in a weirdo way, and I always enjoy writing in an old English style.

Then comes Track 12, when Barkley and Strange finally meet. It’s certainly one of my favorite scenes, especially this monologue from Strange (who’s now a kitten):

“And yet [being Julian Strange] brought me no happiness.” The kitten batted its gopher toy, watched it roll away. “At times I found it, but never for long. I’ve been searching for eons. In one life I fought for Jerusalem. In another I was accused of witchcraft. I was an American soldier who stormed the beaches of Normandy. I saw the last of the wooly mammoths wither and die away. I farmed the land in the time of the Song dynasty. I was a Mayan astronomer whose name time forgot. I was Robert Johnson. I was Cleopatra. I was Judas and Brutus both. I was Julian Strange, born Johnson Henry Mudge. I’ve lived many lives, yet never have I felt content. Maybe shitting in a litter box will change all that.”

Finally, we have the final scene. I tried not to be too obvious, though I hope that didn’t leave the result too vague. Barkley’s Death leaves him alone because he’s finally found something to live for. Then come the final lines of the book, which work smashingly, if I do say so myself…

Barkley and Carmen took their bows. Then he kissed her, and she kissed him back, and that got an even bigger hand. The crowd chanted one word, over and over.

“Was it bad?” Barkley asked.

“Terrible,” Carmen answered. “Do you hear what they’re saying?”

A smile parted his lips. “Is it…?”

And Carmen laughed like it was the funniest thing in the world. “I think they’re calling for an encore.”

Overall Thoughts

It’s interesting—at times, Gerald Barkley Rocks feels like a rote detective novel. We’ve got a down-on-his luck L.A. cop investigating the murder of a famous person. Yet at other times the book gleefully breaks that mold. For example, Barkley is a decidedly unglamorous main character, plus there’s a ton of supernatural crap happening. And, as it turns out, our murder victim wasn’t even murdered.

I’d give Gerald Barkley Rocks three out of five stars. It has a flawed romantic plot, a rather pedestrian setup, and a protagonist who sometimes fails to be likable or compelling. But I believe the book makes up for those shortcomings with solid themes, intriguing supernatural elements, and a strong ending. Plus, I feel I earned extra points with an innovative structure and daring side stories.

I know, I’m biased. But if you’ve gotten this far, I hope you’ve enjoyed this article. Also, as a thank you, please try this code on Barnes & Noble Press:

BNPBIRTHDAY

Use it between 12/21/2019 and 12/29/2019 to get 50% a hardcover version of GBR.

Happy Birthday, Gerald Barkley Rocks! Hope I didn’t hurt your feelings too bad.


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. He has written two books and numerous short stories, both published and yet-to-be published. He enjoys unusual narrative structures, multiple POVs, and stories about coffee.

My Takeaways from NaNoWriMo

I lost NaNoWriMo.

But don’t feel bad for me—it was a loss by forfeit. And, odd as it may sound, I think it was the right decision.

To recap, I was working on a project entitled Short Contracts. It’s a book about a professional athlete who has underperformed thus far in his career and is trying to start fresh on a new team. The wrinkle is, he plays an invented sport in an epic fantasy world.

I still love the concept. I still love this character, whose name is Four-Leaf, by the way. But while writing Short Contracts for NaNoWriMo, I realized a couple things. First off, this isn’t the story I’m meant to be writing right now. Second, I need to stick to my process.

First point’s first. I did extensive outlining for this story (I’ve found I need these more and more, at least to get started). I had clear answers to who, what, when, where, and why. And yet, as is often the case, things changed when I started writing.

This manuscript was unruly. It didn’t do what I wanted it to do. Though I knew my general story arc, individual chapters seemed to meander on and on without settling on a point. And some characters (the coach of Four-Leaf’s new team being the best example) I simply didn’t know well enough to write. In fact, most of my character work felt uncertain, even for Four-Leaf.

For example, if you read my post from the beginning of last month,  you’ll remember that Four-Leaf used to be a female character. As I wrote, I decided to switch her gender and alter her conflict. Four-Leaf’s head coach, a dude named Harp, also swapped genders. I wrote about 20k words with four point-of-view characters, then started over and scaled down to just these two.

As you can see, I had no idea what I was doing. It felt like walking up a downward escalator: so much work to get nowhere.

Now that’s all understandable for the first few thousand words of a manuscript. You often need time to meet your characters, get a feel for what they do and say. But the moment of revelation never seemed to come, no matter how many words I wrote.

That I suppose I could take. But the worst part of it was this: I wasn’t having fun. I didn’t like these characters because they simply weren’t coming together, no matter how many words I packed in. After about Day 20, I thought, Why do this if it’s not bringing me joy?

The pace of NaNoWriMo didn’t help, either. When writing a manuscript, it’s important for me to read what I’ve written throughout the process. This helps me keep characters and plots consistent while also reminding me that even though it’s a first draft, I’ve done some decent work. By trying to cram 50k words into a month, I didn’t have time for that. All I had time for was new words. No time to edit, no time to reflect on what I’d written.

So I stopped. I realized that Short Contracts is not the book I’m meant to write right now. I moved on.

All told, I ended the month at just north of 40k. Of course, 50k is just a benchmark and not really the point of the month. The point is just to write. However, I’d set the goal of 50k for myself, so it was disappointing to fall short.

Yet I think I learned a valuable lesson: Sometimes you have a story you want to write, but you’re just not ready to write it. I’m not sure why this is and I’m certain the reason varies, but for me, I hadn’t found the right characters for the world I’d created. I’m sure they’ll introduce themselves some day, or maybe I’ll go track them down. For now, I’m moving on from Short Contracts.

But rest assured, I shall return. I’ll come back to the world of epic fantasy sports. In the meantime, I’m on to a new project. So far, I’m happy to say it’s going much better.


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. He has written two books and numerous short stories, both published and yet-to-be published. He enjoys unusual narrative structures, multiple POVs, and stories about coffee.

Praise or Honest Feedback: Which Are You Asking For?

I’ve got a story for you. It goes like this:

The other day, I asked my wife for feedback on my writing. This is not unusual; she always offers great thoughts on how to improve my work. This time, I gave her a piece about a creepy painting (which you yourself can read here).

My wife had a lot of thoughts on the piece. After a while I found myself disputing them. When she said the characters felt flat, I said that was intentional. When she said she wanted something creepier, I argued it was creepy enough.

I stepped away from this experience wondering why I did what I did. If I wanted honest feedback, why then did I disagree with it when I got it?

Here’s my theory: Though I asked for it, honest feedback wasn’t what I was looking for. I actually wanted praise. I wanted someone to tell me my story was good.

The more I think about it, the more I realize this is not all that uncommon. Take members of my writer’s group, for example. Some members have received honest feedback at meetings, then haven’t returned for future meetings. These folks also didn’t write down any of the feedback they received. That makes me think they weren’t actually looking for constructive criticism. They wanted someone to tell them their writing was good.

I think all writers do this to some extent, whether or not we realize it. When we share our work, it’s because we hope others will derive some enjoyment from it. (Otherwise, why share it?) Some part of us wants to hear that our readers like our writing.

So then, is it wrong to seek praise? I don’t think so. For writers, praise is essential. Praise validates what we’re doing. In my aforementioned writer’s group, for example, we always start critiques by stating everything we like about the piece under review. It’s arguably the most important part of the whole process.

If you feel upset when you receive people’s honest feedback, it might be because you’re unconsciously hoping for praise. So when you solicit feedback, be upfront about what you’re looking for, both with the reviewer and yourself. If you want to know what people like about a story, ask them. Don’t ask for honest, constructive criticism unless you really mean it.

And remember: Everyone needs praise, but praise on its own won’t make our writing better. Constructive criticism will. When you’re ready, make sure to ask specifically for both praise and criticism. “What did you like about this piece?” “How do you think I can improve it?”

Whether it’s praise or honest feedback, communicate exactly what you’re looking for. It’ll make you (and your reviewer) much happier.


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. His stories have appeared in numerous online magazines, including Allegory, Chantwood, and Dark Fire Fiction.

Is All Art Really Quite Useless?

Oscar Wilde

In the forward to his novel The Picture of Dorian GrayOscar Wilde famously wrote, “All art is quite useless.” No question mark at the end.

This statement puzzles me. Why would an artist say art is useless? Did he really believe that? You could interpret this statement as an introduction to the themes later explored in the novel, but I’m not sure I do.

Because when asked by a fan what this famous line meant, Wilde responded with a handwritten letter. In this letter, Wilde posited that art does not and should not inspire action in anyone. If it does, it ceases to be art and instead turns into didacticism. Therefore, if art cannot by its very nature inspire action, then it has no applicable use to anyone.

Oscar Wilde was a brilliant guy. I don’t claim to be smarter than him or a better writer than him. And I’m certainly not a better dresser (see above picture). But I’ll say this: I think art is quite useful.

Art is useful in the way that it moves us. If a work of art can stir emotion, whether it’s delight, sadness, anger, or even disgust, I’d say it’s done something quite significant. After all, if you cried when Bambi’s mom bit the dust (don’t deny it), you cried for a cartoon animal that only ever existed as a series of drawings shown in rapid succession. What else but art has the power to make us care about things that don’t even exist?

Even art that serves merely as distraction, what Wilde describes as “sterile” art, can be useful. Because sometimes we really do need a distraction from reality. When times are tough, it’s cathartic to watch a TV show or read a book—to take a break from what’s going on around us. Art won’t necessarily present us with permanent solutions, but that’s alright. Oftentimes that brief respite gives us the strength we need to face tomorrow’s challenges.

Art helps us better understand each other, which is perhaps one of its most important uses. For example, numerous studies suggest that reading improves empathy. When we step into the minds of characters, their thoughts and feelings are described to us, which bridges a gap we otherwise can’t cross (excluding telepaths). If empathy is understanding how others feel, there’s no better way to develop it than by having those feelings explained to us.

So is all art really quite useless? Well, maybe some of it (the Transformers series of films come to mind). But certainly not all of it. If a particular piece of art moves you, or helps you get through a tough time, or shows you the world from a different perspective, then that piece of art is useful. Quite useful.


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. His stories have appeared in numerous online magazines, including Allegory, Chantwood, and Dark Fire Fiction.

Literary Necromancy: Resurrecting Your Dead Manuscript

Necromancy is generally frowned upon.

People freak out when the White Walkers do it. Sauron took the name “Necromancer” and that seemed to bother some folks. Dr. Frankenstein practiced the art, albeit a bit more scientifically. Even Jesus kind of did it, but he’s Jesus so it’s cool. Otherwise, most would probably tell you that the dead should stay dead.

But what about dead books? I mean those novels that we write, bury, and forget about, the ones that Stephen King calls “trunk novels.” Sometimes we think about them again. Sometimes not.

The question I’d like to answer is this: How can we bring a dead novel back to life? Bust out your Necronomicons, people. We’re about to do some work.

1. Ask Yourself: What has Changed?

Zombie

A simple question, but a necessary one. What’s changed between now and the time you initially wrote your manuscript? Ostensibly, it must’ve been something big.

In my estimation, the best possible answer is that you’ve resolved a plotting issue that had previously held you back. Many novels sputter out and die simply because we can’t figure out what happens next. If we do so posthumously, that’s an excellent reason for a posthumous reexamination.

Alternatively, you might’ve decided that you’re better equipped to tell your story than when you first conceived of it. I’ll give you an example. Referring back to the aforementioned Stephen King (a fan of necromancy himself—cough, Pet Sematary, cough), he’s performed the art with many of his many books. For example, he first conceived of the novel 11/22/63 way back in 1971, even before his first novel was ever published. Yet he decided to bury the idea, resurrecting it only when he found time for the requisite research and developed the literary talent needed for such a book. Same goes for his novel Under the Dome; King first began writing it in 1972, yet let it die. It was reborn again in 1982, then died again. It was reborn a third time in 2009, and that turned out to be its final form.

2. Now Fix It

Now comes the hard part. As the necromancer, it’s your job to remedy the issue that killed your manuscript in the first place.

Sometimes this process comes easy. And since you already performed step one, you have a good idea what needs to change. Concentrate on fixing those elements so that your novel’s reincarnated form is better than its previous one. We want dung beetle to human, not dung beetle to worm.

During the editorial process, you might find that these fixes require huge edits. If you’re willing and able to do the work, this can payoff bigtime. For example, about three years ago I began a manuscript entitled Who the Hell is Julian Strange? May it rest in peace. It was a story about a rock and roll singer named Julian Strange who suddenly and spontaneously returns from death (a novel fitting for this blog post). Moreover, it was about the supporting characters whose lives were changed by this supernatural event. One such character was a self-pitying Los Angeles detective named Gerald Barkley. A man of no particular importance.

Despite a promising beginning, Who the Hell is Julian Strange? died a few months into its life. The characters felt uneven and the plot didn’t seem right. Ultimately, the manuscript itself wasn’t ready for life.

Years later, while searching for something to submit to my writer’s group, I exhumed the corpse of Who the Hell is Julian Strange? Oddly enough, my interest was drawn not to the titular character, but instead to the self-pitying detective, Gerald Barkley. I wanted to know more about this guy. What happened in his life that made him so glum? And, I wondered, could he be redeemed?

The second-coming of my manuscript is entitled Gerald Barkley Rocks. It’s available on ebook, paperback, and hardcover now. Find your copy here.

Anyway, my point is this: let the necromantic process take you where it will. Once you’ve committed to reanimating the corpse of your manuscript, follow the new version wherever it leads you. You’ll find it takes you in all sorts of delightful and unexpected directions.

3. Finish It

I met a zombie once who told me this: “The only thing worse than dying once is dying twice.” The same goes for our manuscripts. Once we commit to necromancy, we should stick with it.

Why? The answer is simple enough. It takes time! You could easily spend that time on a new idea, one that smells better and has fewer maggots crawling all over it. So if you’ve chosen the dead manuscript over a living one, make that time worthwhile. Don’t let your dead ideas die again.

In Conclusion

In some worlds, reviving the dead might be frowned upon. But hey. We’re writers. It’s okay for us to do it, so long as we identify issues, fix them, and finish the process.

You’ve got the skills. Now go do some necromancy.


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. He has written two books and numerous short stories, both published and yet-to-be published. He enjoys unusual narrative structures, multiple POVs, and stories about coffee.

Let’s Get Ready for NaNoWriMo

NaNoWriMo

It’s been a full two years since I last participated in National Novel Writing Month. Time to change that.

This year, I’d like to give you a sneak peek at my project. I’ll start with a preview post here, then a halfway mark review around November 15th, then a final roundup post at the end of the month.

Why? First, to shamelessly plug my book in the hopes that you’ll someday buy it. Second, I’m excited about this story and I want to share it with cool readers like you.

Sound good? Let’s begin.

First, What is National Novel Writing Month?

Every November, millions of people across the world set out to write a 50,000-word novel manuscript. Since it’s a bit of a mouthful, most people call it NaNoWriMo. (Always makes me think of “BiMonSciFiCon from The Simpsons.)

If you average it out, that means one needs to write an average of 1,666 words each day to hit the goal. That’s definitely a lot of writing and there’s little wiggle room. It helps to plan ahead, so here’s my plan.

The World

The working title for my book is Short Contracts. I don’t normally dig the “this meets that” plot pitch, but in this case, I’m using it anyway. My book is Moneyball meets The Lord of the Rings. Let’s start with the LOTR elements.

The dark lord figure has been an archetype of epic fantasy ever since Tolkien. It’s usually a character who appears infrequently on the page but whose influence is felt nonetheless. The dark lord wants to conquer the world, usually by means of vast armies. The central purpose of the book is often to defeat this character.

We’ve seen enough dark lords in fantasy to last a lifetime. Sauron, Lord Voldemort, The Crimson King…there’s no shortage of them. Rather than create my own, I’ve instead shifted my focus to the postmodern. More specifically, I’ve always wondered what happens in these worlds after the Dark Lord has been defeated. In the world of Short Contracts, it’s the introduction of professional sports.

Instead of football or soccer or cricket or something (how do you even score that last one?), the sport of this world is called Questing. Questing is a sport meant to carry on and commemorate the legacy of those brave adventurers who defeated the Dark Lord of this world. There were five in the party who defeated him, and so there are five possible positions for players to play.

I actually previewed this world in “A Good Fit in Penbluff City,” a short story from my collection Monsters at Dusk. Here’s a snippet about Questing:

“Questing, for those who don’t know, is a simple game. Ten players on the field, five on each team. Teams vie to score the most points over a 60-minute period (divided into four 15-minute quarters). A team earns 25 points for disarming an opposing player, 50 points for recovering the Hidden Artifact, and 75 points for slaying the Beast. (The Hidden Artifact is a small object that’s, yes, hidden somewhere on, in, or within the field. The Beast differs depending on the field, though they’re all large, nasty, and temperamental.)

“If that sounds like a dangerous sport, it is. Players have heads bumped, bones broken, limbs severed, even lives lost. Fortunately for them, the day’s advanced magical techniques reverse most of these injuries, sometimes even the fatal ones. Sometimes.”

So those are the rules and stakes of the game. It’s a sports drama as told in an epic fantasy setting (with a strong element of humor, of course).

I realize I’m being a bit cagey with the plot, so here it is in greater detail.

The Inspiration

Take a trip back in time with me. The year is 2014. I’m a senior at Ithaca College and I’m enrolled in a course called Advanced Writing for TV. The assignment: write a script for a 60-minute original TV pilot.

The film Moneyball had released just a few years prior. I found a discount DVD of the movie at the Target on Triphammer Road (remember DVDs?) and had been showing the film to friends whenever possible. The idea of a sports film, particularly one that delved into the transactional aspect of sports, was fresh in my mind. So I decided to write a TV show about baseball. I called it Expansion.

The main character of my show was a guy named Buck Foreman, which makes him sound more like a manly 50s actor than a starting pitcher. But pitcher he was; a hard-throwing (and slightly arrogant) southpaw for the New York Yankees.

At least he used to throw hard. We encounter Buck at age 38. He’s losing velocity on his fastball and has therefore become less valuable to the Yankees. Just a few pages into the script, he’s informed that they will not renew his contract.

Buck doesn’t even consider retirement. He believes he can still play, even if the Yankees (and most of the rest of the league) think he can’t. Only one team shows serious interest in him: an expansion team I invented called the Portland Anglers. (An expansion team is any new team added to an established sports league.) The rest of the script follows Buck as he adjusts to his new life with his new team.

I won’t write much more about Expansion. Why? Because you can read the whole thing for free, right here. Hope you enjoy it.

Now you might wonder why I went off on a tangent about a school project from five years ago. That’s because it’s serving as inspiration for the book I’m about to write for NaNoWriMo.

At the time I wrote this script, I honestly believed it was the best writing I’d ever done. The characters fit nicely together, the plot was tight, and it was really fun to write about baseball, a sport I’ve loved watching since my grandfather got me into it (sad Yankees fan here). I’d lamented the fact that I’d likely never become a television showrunner, which therefore meant nobody but my classmates and my teacher would likely ever read the script. I’m glad I get to use it in some capacity now.

The Novel

Short Contracts won’t be about an expansion team (though I could always return to that idea in the future). It’s about a player who’s been unceremoniously dumped by her team. Now she’s forced to adjust to life with a new one.

Our main character’s name is Four-Leaf (not a real name, but it’s the name everyone calls her). Four-Leaf’s Questing career has been defined by disappointment. She was the number one overall pick in her draft class, a local kid, and a great college (or in this world, academy) player. She was considered a can’t-miss prospect.

That made it all the more crushing, for both Four-Leaf and the fans, when she missed. A combination of injuries, poor coaching, and bad luck have ruined her once-promising career, to the point that she’s known as one of the biggest busts of all time. That reputation is solidified just before our book begins, when Four-Leaf makes a horrible error that costs her team a championship title.

So Four-Leaf finds herself on a new team. Just like Buck Foreman, she must adjust to a new city and a new team. The question is, will she become the player everyone thought she could be? That’s what I’ll be writing about this NaNoWriMo.

Parting Plug

If you’re interested in the world of Questing, you can get a sneak peek right this second. Remember that story I mentioned called “A Good Fit in Penbluff City”? It’s available now in my short fiction collection Monsters at Dusk. Check it out. Hope you enjoy it.

Let NaNoWriMo Begin!

I’ll check back about midway through the month with more info on my project. I’ll have updates and maybe even a little excerpt for you. Until next time!


Kyle A. Massa is a speculative fiction author living somewhere in upstate New York with his wife and their two cats. He has written two books and numerous short stories, both published and yet-to-be published. He enjoys unusual narrative structures, multiple POVs, and stories about coffee.

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